BRAZIL (AD 1822–) State, capitalistic, republic (Federative Republic of Brazil; before 1889 - Brazilian Empire, 1889–1967 - United States of Brazil). Formed on the territory. modern Brazil as a result of the liquidation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve and the proclamation of Brazilian independence. Capital - Brasilia (from 1960), Rio de Janeiro (until 1960)